ACADEMIC STAFF
Professor A.J. Underwood (Tony), Professorial Research Fellow
Telephone: +61 2 9351 4835
email: aju@bio.usyd.edu.au

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Tony Underwood
Ph.D. University of Bristol (UK) in 1971; Postdoctoral Fellow and then a lecturer in Biology, University of Sydney; Awarded Doctor of Science degree in 1984; Promoted Professor of Experimental Ecology (a personal chair) in 1992; Awarded Eureka Prize for Environmental Research in 1993; Elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1994; Founding Director of the Institute of Marine Ecology, 1984 - 1996; Promoted University Professor in 2004; Director, Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, 1997 - 2008
RESEARCH INTERESTS
My major research is experimental analyses of processes affecting numbers of and interactions among species in shallow coastal habitats, particularly rocky shores, mangrove forests, kelp-beds and soft sediments. I have published extensively on competition for food, grazing, predation, processes of recruitment, patterns of dispersion in relation to microhabitat, the role of disturbances and studies of patterns of movement of animals.

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Ecological processes are complex and need careful experiments before we can understand them (see Underwood (1997) Experiments in ecology. Cambridge University Press. pp 118-123)
The studies have resulted in strong interests and expertise in experimental design. I have developed the design and analysis of biological and ecological sampling and experiments. Second, because long-term experimental studies are still fairly rare in ecology, I have been invited to write numerous broad reviews on ecological topics. Third, I have been increasingly involved in research on the effects of human environmental impact, patterns of foraging by humans on rocky shores, the role of monitoring in environmental management, etc. This work has led to overviews of the relationship between ecological theory, sampling and experimental design and practicalities of environmental work.

As a result, I am regularly invited to teach these topics to regulatory agencies and in Universities abroad such as New Zealand Department of Conservation, University of Maine, Scandinavian Universities, ACIAR Programme Indonesia, UNEP Black Sea Environmental Programme, Odessa. I am also Vice Chairman of the United Nations Environmental Program Group of Experts on Effects of Pollution.

PROJECTS
Our research is increasing the spatial scales at which we study ecological processes. We are concerned about processes of urbanization and how they affect patterns of diversity of species in assemblages (collections of species) in coastal habitats.

Urban development does not just alter habitat by destroying some patches (e.g. a so-called reclamation of wetlands) or creation of different habitats (e.g. building a sea-wall). Urban processes also change the orientation of hard surfaces. Natural surfaces tend to be horizontal; built ones are vertical. As a result, there are substantial changes to the fauna that dominate areas of urban waterways.

We need much better understanding of how these processes work, what are the usual mechanisms maintaining diversity in natural places and how these are altered in urban locations. These studies require rigorous science, development of new methods and carefully designed experimental evaluation. Without professional science, we shall not be able to manage our environments, conserve habitats and species and sustain the diversity of coastal ecological processes.

COLLABORATIONS WITH POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS
Students do experimental ecological research to learn how to solve practical problems associated with human activities. Recent examples include studies of pollution around urban outfalls, responses of animals to fragmentation of their habitat, responses to human exploitation of coastal species, influences of urban structures on surrounding species.
LATEST FINDINGS

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Long-term studies after storms show complicated patterns of change in local diversity (see Underwood (1999) in: Aquatic Life Cycle Strategies, Marine Biological Association, U.K.)
I developed novel sampling methods to detect environmental impacts in variable habitats. These have led to increased capacity to understand disturbances in coastal regions. In collaboration with Gee Chapman, we have found considerable small-scale patchiness in many coastal populations, leading to increased attention to the ways we measure natural changes in time. A book on the logic, design, analysis and interpretation of ecological studies has been published (by the University of Cambridge Press) in 1997 and has sold out 3 times in its first 3 years.
PUBLICATIONS
1972 - 2005:

List of publications by Tony Underwood

Anderson, M.J. & A.J. Underwood (1997). Effects of gastropod grazers on recruitment and succession of an estuarine assemblage: a multivariate and univariate approach. Oecologia, Vol. 109, pp. 442-453.

Archambault, P., K. Banwell & A.J. Underwood (2001). Temporal variation in the structure of intertidal assemblages following the removal of sewage. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 222, pp. 51-62.

Barnes, P.B., M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (2000). Intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats in Chowder Bay, Final report for interim Sydney Harbour Federation Trust.

Barros, F., A.J. Underwood & P. Archambault (2004). The influence of troughs and crests of ripple marks on the structure of subtidal benthic assemblages around rocky reefs. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 60(4), pp. 781-790.

Barros, F., A.J. Underwood & M. Lindegarth (2002). A preliminary analysis of the structure of benthic assemblages of surf-zones on two morphodynamic types of beach. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Vol. 82, pp. 353-357.

Barros, F., A.J. Underwood & M. Lindegarth (2001). The influence of rocky reefs on assemblages of benthic macrofauna in nearby soft-sediments. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 52, pp. 191-199.

Bishop, M.J., A.J. Underwood & P. Archambault (2002). Sewage and environmental impacts on rocky shores: necessity of identifying relevant spatial scales. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 236, pp. 121-128.

Bulleri, F., M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (2005). Intertidal assemblages on seawalls and vertical rocky shores in Sydney Harbour, Australia. Austral Ecology, Vol. 30, pp. 655-667.

Bulleri, F., M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (2004). Patterns of movement of the limpet Cellana tramoserica on rocky shores and retaining seawalls. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 281, pp. 121-129.

Bulleri, F., A. J. Underwood & L. Benedetti-Cecchi (2008) The Assessment and interpretation of ecological impacts in human-dominated environments. Environmental Conservation Vol.34, pp. 181-182

Bulleri, F., A. J. Underwood & L. Benedetti-Cecchi (2008) The interpretation of ecological impacts in human-dominated environments: reply to Stewart-Oaten (2008) Environmental Conservation Vol. 35, pp 11-13

Chapman, M.G. & D.E. Roberts (2004). Use of seagrass wrack in restoring disturbed Australian saltmarshes. Ecological Management & Restoration, Vol. 5, pp. 183-190.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (2005). Benthic macrofauna colonizing artificial units of habitat in Kogarah Bay, Final Report submitted to Kogarah Council.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (2005). Biological monitoring of macrofauna in artificial units of habitat in Berowra Creek, Cowan Creek and Mooney Mooney Creek, Final Report for Hornsby Shire Council.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (2005). Biological monitoring of macrofauna in artificial units of habitat on intertidal shores of Berowra Creek, Final Report for Hornsby Shire Council.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (2005). Biological monitoring of macrofauna in mangroves in Berowra Creek, Final Report for Hornsby Shire Council.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (2004). Macrofauna in artifical units of habitat in Kogarah Bay: preliminary report, Report for Kogarah Municipal Council.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (2003). Effects of removal of urchins from crevices on associated invertebrate assemblages , Final report to NSW Fisheries.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (2003). Variable growth of the green alga, Chaetomorpha linum in the Tuggerah Lakes, Final report to Wyong Shire Council.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (2000). The need for a practical scientific protocol to measure successful restoration. Wetlands (Australia), Vol. 19, pp. 28-49.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (1999). Ecological patterns in multivariate assemblages: information and interpretation of negative values in Anosim tests. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 180, pp. 257-265.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (1998). Inconsistency and variation in the development of rocky intertidal algal assemblages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 224, pp. 265-289.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (1997). Concepts and issues in restoration of mangrove forests in urban environments. In: Frontiers in ecology: building the links, edited by N. Klomp & I. Lunt, Elsevier Science, Oxford, pp. 103-114.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (1997). Environmental studies of benthic assemblages in wetland habitats in Careel Bay, Final report to Pittwater Council.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (1997). Environmental studies of benthic assemblages in wetlands in Homebush Bay, Report No. 1: Assemblages in Bicentennial Park and reference locations, Report to the Olympic Co-ordination Authority.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (1997). Environmental studies of benthic assemblages in wetlands in Homebush Bay, Report No. 3: Remediation to improve tidal flushing adjacent to Haslam's Creek, Report to the Olympic Co-ordination Authority.

Chapman, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (1997). Testing the effectiveness of Intertidal Protected Areas in New South Wales, Final report to Environment Australia.

Chapman, M.G., A.J. Underwood & S. McCune (1997). Environmental studies of benthic assemblages in wetlands in Homebush Bay, Report No. 2: Assemblages in patchy and isolated mangrove forests, Report to the Olympic Co-ordination Authority.

Chapman, M. G. & A. J. Underwood (In press). Comparative effects of urbanization in terrestrial and marine habitats. In: Ecology of cities and towns: A comparative approach, edited by M. McDonnell, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne.

Clynick, B. G., M. G. Chapman & A. J. Underwood (2007). Effects of epibiota on assemblages of fish associated with urban structures. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 323, pp. 201-210.

Clynick, B., M. G. Chapman & A. J. Underwood (2008). Fish assemblages associated with urban structures and natural reefs in Sydney Harbour, Australia. Austral Ecology Vol. 33, pp.140-150

Cole, V. J., M. G. Chapman & A. J. Underwood (2007). Landscape and life-histories influence colonisation of polychaetes to intertidal biogenic habitats. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 348, pp. 191-199.

Coleman, R.A., A.J. Underwood, L. Benedetti-Cecchi, P. Aberg, Arenas F., J. Arrontes, J. Castro, R.G. Hartnoll, S. Jenkins, J. Paula, P. Della Santina & J. Hawkins (2006). A continental scale evaluation of the role of limpet grazing on rocky shores. Oecologia, Vol. 147, pp. 556-564.

Coleman, R.A., A.J. Underwood & M.G. Chapman (2004). Absence of costs of foraging excursions in relation to limpet aggregation. Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 73, pp. 577-584.

Crowe, T.P. & A.J. Underwood (1999). Differences in dispersal of an intertidal gastropod in two habitats: the need for and design of repeated experimental transplantation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 237, pp. 31-60.

Crowe, T.P. & A.J. Underwood (1998). Testing behavioural 'preference' for suitable microhabitat. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 225, pp. 1-Nov.

Cruz Motta, J.J., A.J. Underwood, M.G. Chapman & F. Rossi (2003). Benthic assemblages in sediments associated with intertidal boulder-fields. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 285-286, pp. 383-401.

Cummins, S.P., D.E. Roberts, P. Ajani & A.J. Underwood (2004). Comparisons of assemblages of phytoplankton between openwater and seagrass habitats in a shallow coastal lagoon. Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 55, pp. 447-456.

Fletcher, D.J. & A.J. Underwood (2002). How to cope with negative estimates of components of variance in ecological field studies. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 273, pp. 89-95.

Forrest, R.E., M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (2001). Quantification of radular marks as a method for estimating grazing of intertidal gastropods on rocky shores. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 258, pp. 155-171.

Glasby, T.M. & A.J. Underwood (1998). Determining positions for control locations in environmental studies of estuarine marinas. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 171, pp. Jan-14.

Goodsell, P.J., M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (2005). Experimental assessment of the survival of cultured abalone (Habiotis rubra) seeded in small numbers to natural habitat at Port Stephens, NSW, Final Report for NSW Department of Primary Industries / Fisheries.

Goodsell, P. J., A. J. Underwood, M. G. Chapman & M. P. Heasman (2006). Seeding small numbers of cultured black-lip abalone (Haliotis rubra Leach) to match natural densities of wild populations. Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 57, pp. 747-756.

Goodsell, P. J., M. G. Chapman & A. J. Underwood (2007). Differences between biota in anthropogenically fragmented habitats and in naturally patchy habitats? Marine Ecology Progress Series Vol. 351, pp. 15-23

Goodsell, P.J. & A.J. Underwood (In press). Complexity and idiosyncrasy in the responses of algae to disturbance in mono- and multi-species assemblages. Oecologia

Grayson, J.E., M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (1999). The assessment of restoration of habitat in urban wetlands. Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 43, pp. 227-236.

Honkoop, P.J.C., B.L. Bayne, A.J. Underwood & S. Svensson (2003). Appropriate experimental design for transplanting mussels (Mytilus sp.) in analyses of environmental stress: an example in Sydney Harbour (Australia). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 297, pp. 253-268.

Hoskin, M.G. & A.J. Underwood (2001). Manipulative experiments to assess potential ecological effects of offshore snapper farming in Providence Bay, NSW, Final Report for Pisces Marine Aquaculture Pty, Ltd.

Hoskin, M.G., A.J. Underwood & P. Archambault (2001). Properties of naturally-degrading sorbents for potential use in the clean-up of oil-spills in sensitive and remote coastal habitats, Final report to the Australian Marine Safety Authority.

Jackson, A. C., M. G. Chapman & A. J. Underwood (2008). Ecological interactions in the provision of habitat by urban development: whelks and engineering by oysters on artificial seawalls. Austral Ecology, Vol.33, pp. 307-316

Jeffery, C.J. & A.J. Underwood (2001). Longevity determines sizes of an adult intertidal barnacle. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 256, pp. 85-97.

Jeffery, C.J. & A.J. Underwood (2000). Consistent spatial patterns of arrival of larvae of the honeycomb barnacle Chamaesipho tasmanica Foster and Anderson in New South Wales. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 252, pp. 109-127.

Kelaher, B.P., M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (1998). Changes in benthic assemblages near boardwalks in temperate urban mangrove forests. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 228, pp. 291-307.

Kelaher, B.P., M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (2001). Spatial patterns of diverse macrofaunal assemblages in coralline turf and their associations with environmental variables. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Vol. 81, pp. 917-930.

Kelaher, B.P., A.J. Underwood & M.G. Chapman (2003). Experimental transplantations of coralline algal turf to demonstrate causes of differences in macrofauna at different tidal heights. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 282, pp. 23-41.

Kelaher, B.P., A.J. Underwood & M.G. Chapman (1998). Effects of boardwalks on the semaphore crab Heloecius cordiformis in temperate urban mangrove forests. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 227, pp. 281-300.

Knott, N. A., A. J. Underwood, M. G. Chapman & T. M. Glasby (2006). Growth of the encrusting sponge Tedania anhelans (Lieberkuhn) on vertical and on horizontal surfaces of temperate subtidal reefs. Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 57, pp. 95-104.

Knott, N.A., A.J. Underwood, M.G. Chapman & T.M. Glasby (2004). Epibiota on vertical and on horizontal surfaces on natural reefs and on artificial structures. Journal of the Marine Biological Association (UK), Vol. 84, pp. 1117-1130.

Lasiak, T.A. & A.J. Underwood (2002). A survey of the benthic invertebrate assemblages in the proposed remediation area off Rhodes Peninsula, Homebush Bay. Final report for PPK Environment and Infrastructure

Lasiak, T.A. & A.J. Underwood (2002). Baseline survey of the benthic invertebrate assemblages associated with fringing mangroves in the Brooklyn region of the Hawkesbury River. Final report for Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales

Lasiak, T.A. & A.J. Underwood (2002). Experimental assessment of potential ecological impacts of longline mussel farming in Twofold Bay, Eden. Final report for NSW Cultured Mussel Growers Association Inc.

Lasiak, T.A., A.J. Underwood & P. Honkoop (2003). Effects of the new biological treatment process at the Caltex Refinery on subtidal fauna in the vicinity of Yena Gap, Final report for Caltex Refineries (NSW) Pty Ltd.

Lasiak, T. A., A. J. Underwood & M. Hoskin (2006). An experimental assessment of the potential impacts of longline mussel farming on the infauna of an open coastal embayment. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Vol. 16, pp. 289-300.

Lindegarth, M. & A.J. Underwood (2002). A manipulative experiment to evaluate predicted changes in intertidal, macro-faunal assemblages after contamination by heavy metals. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 274, pp. 41-64.

Lindegarth, M. & A.J. Underwood (1999). Technical note: using an experimental manipulation of contaminants in intertidal sediments. Ecotoxicology, Vol. 8, pp. 495-501.

Lindegarth, M., A.J. Underwood & K. Small (1999). Assemblages of animals in intertidal sediments before and after the oil spill in August 1999 in Gore Cove (Sydney Harbour) and nearby reference locations, Uncommissioned Report for NSW Environment Protection Authority.

Matias, M. G., A. J. Underwood & R. A. Coleman (2007). Interactions of components of habitats alter composition and variability of assemblages. Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 76, pp. 986–994.

Monteiro, S.M., M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (2002). Erratum to "Patches of the ascidian Pyura stolonifera (Heller, 1878): structure of habitat and associated intertidal assemblages". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 275, pp. 83-85.

Monteiro, S.M., M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (2002). Patches of the ascidian Pyura stolonifera (Heller, 1878): structure of habitat and associated intertidal assemblages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 270, pp. 171-189.

Moreira, J., M. G. Chapman & A. J. Underwood (2006). Seawalls do not sustain viable populations of limpets. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 322, pp. 179-188.

Moreira, J., M. G. Chapman & A. J. Underwood (2007). Maintenance of chitons on seawalls using crevices on sandstone blocks as habitat in Sydney Harbour, Australia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 347, pp. 134-143.

Murphy, R.J., T. Tolhurst, M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (2004). Estimation of surface chlorophyll on an exposed mudflat using digital colour-infrared (CIR) photography. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 59, pp. 625-638.

Murphy, R.J., T.J. Tolhurst, M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (2005). Estimation of surface chlorophyll-a on an emersed mudflat using field spectrometry: accuracy of ratios and derivative-based approaches. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 26, pp. 1835-1859.

Murphy, R.J., T.J. Tolhurst, M.G. Chapman & A.J. Underwood (2005). Remote-sensing of benthic chlorophyll: should ground-truth data be expressed in units of area or mass? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 316, pp. 69-77.

Murphy, R. J. & A. J. Underwood (2006). Novel use of digital colour-infrared imagery to test hypotheses about grazing by intertidal herbivorous gastropods. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 330, pp. 437-447.

Murphy, R. J., A. J. Underwood & M. H. Pinkerton (2006). Quantitative imaging to measure photosynthetic biomass on an intertidal rock-platform. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 321, pp. 45-55.

Murphy, R.J., A.J. Underwood, M.H. Pinkerton & P. Range (2005). Field spectrometry: new methods to investigate epilithic micro-algae on rocky shores. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 325, pp. 111-124.

Murphy, R. J., A. J. Underwood, T. J. Tolhurst & M. G. Chapman (In press). Field-based remote sensing for experimental intertidal ecology: case studies using hyperspatial and hyperspectral data for New South Wales Australia. Remote Sensing of Environment Special Issue

Negrello, O., A.J. Underwood & M.G. Chapman (2006). Recolonization of infauna on a tidal flat: An experimental analysis of modes of dispersal. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 328, pp. 240-250.

Olabarria, C., A.J. Underwood & M.G. Chapman (2002). Appropriate experimental design to evaluate preferences for microhabitat: an example of preferences by species of microgastropods. Oecologia, Vol. 132, pp. 159-166.

Palomo, G., J. People, A. J. Underwood & M. G. Chapman (2007). Separating the effects of physical and biological aspects of mussel-beds on their associated assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 344, pp. 131-142.

Ross, P.M. & A.J. Underwood (1997). The distribution and abundance of barnacles in a mangrove forest. Australian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 22, pp. 37-47.

Rossi, F. & A.J. Underwood (2002). Small-scale disturbance and increased nutrients as influences on intertidal macrobenthic assemblages: experimental burial of wrack in different intertidal environments. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 241, pp. 29-39.

Rotherham, D., A. J. Underwood, M. G. Chapman & C. A. Gray (2007). A strategy for developing scientific sampling tools for fishery-independent surveys of estuarine fish in NSW, Australia. ICES Journal of Marine Science - Proceedings of the ICES Symposium, Boston, 2006 Vol. 64, 1512-1516

Scandol, J. P., A. J. Underwood & M. J. Broadhurst (2006). Experiments in gear configuration to reduce bycatch in an estuarine squid-trawl fishery. Fishery Bulletin, Vol. 104, pp. 533-541.

Schreider, M.J., T.M. Glasby & A.J. Underwood (2003). Effects of height on the shore and complexity of habitat on abundances of amphipods on rocky shores in New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,Vol. 293, pp. 57-71.

Tolhurst, T.J., A.J. Underwood, R.G. Perkins & M.G. Chapman (2005). Content versus concentration: Effects of units on measuring the biogeochemical properties of soft sediments. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 63, pp. 665-673.

Underwood, A. J. (2007). Ecology of marine macro-algae. In: Algae of Australia. Volume 1, edited by A. George, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, pp. 374-404.

Underwood, A.J. (2006). Why overgrowth of intertidal encrusting algae does not always cause competitive exclusion. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 330, pp. 448-454.

Underwood, A.J. (2005). Intertidal ecologists work in the 'gap' between marine and terrestrial ecology. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 304, pp. 271-307.

Underwood, A.J. (2005). Report on Tuggerah Lakes Estuary Management Study, Final Report for Wyong Shire Council.

Underwood, A.J. (2004). It would be better to create and maintain quality rather than worrying about its measurement. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 270, pp. 283-287.

Underwood, A.J. (2004). Landing on one's foot: small-scale topographic features of habitat and the dispersion of juvenile intertidal gastropods. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 268, pp. 173-182.

Underwood, A.J. (2002). Research techniques in animal ecology: controversies and consequences, edited by L. Boitani and T.K. Fuller. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 268, pp. 115-116.

Underwood, A.J. (2001). Report on intertidal habitats at Pickering Point, Final Report to Seaforth Community Precinct Community Forum.

Underwood, A.J. (2000). Assessment of some possible ecological impacts of disposal of soil from the Parramatta rail link on barges along the Lane Cove River, Final report to the Consortium for Better Spoil Management, Sydney.

Underwood, A.J. (2000). Experimental ecology of rocky intertidal habitats: what are we learning? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 250, pp. 51-76.

Underwood, A.J. (2000). Importance of experimental design in detecting and measuring stresses in marine populations. Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stresses and Recovery, Vol. 7, pp. Mar-24.

Underwood, A.J. (2000). Trying to detect impacts in marine habitats: comparisons with suitable reference areas. In: Statistics in ecotoxicology, edited by T. Sparks, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Chichester, pp. 279-308.

Underwood, A.J. (1999). History and recruitment in structure of intertidal assemblages on rocky shores: an introduction to problems for interpretation of natural change. In: Aquatic life cycle strategies, edited by M. Whitfield, Institute of Biology, London, pp. 79-96.

Underwood, A.J. (1999). Physical disturbances and their direct effect on an indirect effect: responses of an intertidal assemblage to a severe storm. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 232, pp. 125-140.

Underwood, A.J. (1999). Precautionary principles require changes in thinking about and planning environmental sampling. In: Perspectives on the precautionary principle, edited by R. Harding & E. Fisher, The Federation Press, Sydney, pp. 254-266.

Underwood, A.J. (1999). Pro-active ecological measurements for better environmental outcomes of management of stormwater: it's time to abandon non-productive monitoring and regulation. Proceedings IV Stormwater Conference 1999, Vol. 1, pp. Jan-26.

Underwood, A.J. (1999). Publication of so-called 'negative' results in marine ecology. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 191, pp. 307-309.

Underwood, A.J. (1999). Using science for management. Proceedings of the Georges River and Botany Bay Symposium Southern Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils (SSROC), Vol. 1, pp. 75-79.

Underwood, A.J. (1998). Design, implementation and analysis of ecological and environmental experiments: pitfalls in the maintenance of logical structures. In: Experimental ecology: issues and perspectives, edited by W.R. Resetarits & J. Bernardo, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 325-349.

Underwood, A.J. (1998). Grazing and disturbance: an experimental analysis of patchiness in recovery from a severe storm by the intertidal alga Hormosira banksii on rocky shores in New South Wales. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 231, pp. 291-306.

Underwood, A.J. (1998). Marine rocky shore and community ecology: an experimentalist's perspective, by R.T. Paine. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 220, pp. 156-158.

Underwood, A.J. (1998). Molluscs on rocky shores. In: Mollusca: the southern synthesis. Fauna of Australia Vol. 5 Part A, edited by P.L. Beesley, J.G.B. Ross & A. Wells, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 29-32.

Underwood, A.J. (1998). Quantitative ecological sampling of molluscs. In: Mollusca: the southern synthesis. Fauna of Australia Vol. 5 Part A, edited by P.L. Beesley, J.G.B. Ross & A. Wells, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 104-105.

Underwood, A.J. (1998). Relationships between ecological research and environmental management. Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 40, pp. 123-130.

Underwood, A.J. (1997). Environmental decision-making and the precautionary principle: what does this principle mean in environmental sampling practice? Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 37, pp. 137-146.

Underwood, A.J.. (1997). Experiments in ecology: their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

Underwood, A.J. (1997). Marine ecological issues, Submission to the Commission of Inquiry: Kurnell Cogeneration Plant.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (2001). Intertidal ecosystems . In: The encyclopedia of biodiversity, Volume 3, edited by S.A. Levin, Academic Press , San Diego, pp. 485-500.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (1999). Problems and practical solutions for quantitative assessment of biodiversity of invertebrates in coastal habitats. In: The other 99%. The conservation and biodiversity of invertebrates, edited by W. Ponder & D. Lunney, Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, pp. 19-25.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (1999). The role of ecology in coastal zone management: perspectives from south-east Australia. In: Perspectives on integrated coastal zone management, edited by W. Salomons, R.K. Turner, L.D. de Lacerda & S. Ramachandran, Springer, Berlin, pp. 99-128.

Underwood, A.J. & M.J. Anderson (1999). Review of documentation: Coffs Harbour sewerage strategy EIS report, Report to Coffs Harbour City Council.

Underwood, A.J. & M.J. Anderson (1997). Project Anchor: managing environmental impacts of recreational boating, Final report for the Boating Industry Association.

Underwood, A.J. & P.B. Barnes (1999). Marine flora and fauna in the vicinity of Davis Marina, Sydney Harbour, Final report to Davis Marina.

Underwood, A.J., B.L. Bayne, P.J.C. Honkoop & J.P. Scandol (2002). Optimal stocking density for Sydney and Pacific oyster cultivation (Project No. 99/307). Final report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation

Underwood, A. J. & M. G. Chapman (2006). Early development of subtidal macrofaunal assemblages: relationships to period and timing of colonization. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 330, pp. 221-233.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (2005). Design and analysis in benthic surveys. In: Methods for the study of marine benthos, edited by A. Eleftheriou & A.D. McIntyre, Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp. 1-42.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (2003). Power,precaution, Type II error and sampling design in assessment of environmental impacts. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 296, pp. 49-70.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (2003). Problems of measuring biodiversity in coastal habitats: a summary of issues. In: Conserving marine environments. Out of sight out of mind, edited by P. Hutchings & D. Lunney, Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, NSW., pp. 103-107.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (2002). Biological monitoring in Berowra Creek Estuary, Final Report to Hornsby Council.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (2002). Conservation of coastal organisms depends on scientific realism not community "monitoring". In: A Clash of Paradigms. Community and Research-Based Conservation, edited by D. Lunney, C.R. Dickman & S. Burgin, Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney, pp. 20-37.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (2000). Comparisons of animals and plants in Intertidal Protected Areas and reference locations around Sydney, Final report for N.S.W. Fisheries.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (2000). Variation in abundances of intertidal populations: consequences of extremities of environment. Hydrobiologia, Vol. 426, pp. 25-36.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (1999). Alteration of outfall at Penguin Head: calculation of power to detect impacts as altered concentrations of nutrients or heavy metals, Final Report to The Ecology Lab, Sydney.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (1998). A method for analysing spatial scales of variation in composition of assemblages. Oecologia, Vol. 117, pp. 570-578.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (1998). Spatial analyses of intertidal assemblages on sheltered rocky shores. Australian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 23, pp. 138-157.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (1998). The environment: an ideas paper on environmental issues for DUAP's Forum 'Sydney's Harbour Planning Strategy', Report to NSW Department of Urban Affairs and Planning.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (1998). Variation in algal assemblages on wave-exposed rocky shores in New South Wales. Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 49, pp. 241-254.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman (1997). Subtidal assemblages on rocky reefs at a cliff-face sewage outfall (North Head, Sydney, Australia): what happened when the outfall was turned off? Marine Pollution Bulletin (1996), Vol. 33, pp. 293-302.

Underwood, A.J., M.G. Chapman & S.D. Connell (2000). Observations in ecology: you can't make progress on processes without understanding the patterns. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 250, pp. 97-115.

Underwood, A.J., M.G. Chapman & T. Crowe (2004). Identifying and understanding ecological preferences for habitat or prey. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 300, pp. 161-187.

Underwood, A.J., M.G. Chapman & D.E. Roberts (2003). A practical protocol to assess impacts of unplanned disturbance: a case study in Tuggerah Lakes estuary, NSW. Ecological Management and Restoration., Vol. 4, pp. S4-S11.

Underwood, A. J. & K. R. Clarke (2006). Response on a proposed method for analysing experiments on food choice. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 335, pp. 151-153.

Underwood, A.J. & K.R. Clarke (2005). Solving some statistical problems in analyses of experiments on choices of food and on associations with habitat. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 318, pp. 227-237.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Hoskin (1999). Ecological sampling for assessment of potential environmental impacts of the trial snapper farm at Port Stephens, NSW, Final report to Pisces Marine Aquaculture Pty,Ltd.

Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Hoskin (1999). Examination of potential ecological effects of mussel culture in Twofold Bay, NSW, Final Report to Mussel Growers Association, Eden, NSW.

Underwood, A.J.& M.J. Keough (2001). Supply-side ecology: the nature and consequences of variations in recruitment of intertidal organisms . In: Marine community ecology, edited by M.D. Bertness, S.D. Gaines & M.E. Hay, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Maine, pp. 183-200.

Underwood, A.J. & J. People (2001). Fouling by mussels in the inlet pipe of the cooling system, Final Report for Star City Casino.

Underwood, A.J., J.P. Scandol & I.W. Montgomery (2001). Quantitative Training Unit for Fisheries (QTUF), Phase II. (Project No. 98/348)., Final Report for Fisheries Research and Development Corporation

Underwood, A.J., J. Vernberg & R.M. Warwick (1997). Towards the new millennium. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 17, pp. R7-R8.

Underwood, A. J. (In press) Grazing. In: Encyclopedia of Ecology. Edited by B. Ronan, Elsevier, Oxford.

Underwood, A. J. (2007). Monitoring: Overview. In: Encyclopedia of tidepools and rocky shores, edited by M. W. Denny and S. D. Gaines, University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 380-381.

Underwood, A. J. (2007). Monitoring: Statistics. In: Encyclopedia of tidepools and rocky shores, edited by M. W. Denny and S. D. Gaines, University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 385-390.

Underwood, A. J. (2007). Negative Interactions: an Overview of Competition among Marine Organisms. In: Marine Ecology, edited by S. D. Connell and B. M. Gillanders, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 101-109.

Underwood, A. J. & K. R. Clarke (2007). More response on a proposed method for analysing experiments on food choice. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 344, pp. 113-115.

Underwood, A. J. & M. G. Chapman (2007). Intertidal temperate rocky shores. In: Marine Ecology, edited by S. D. Connell and B. M. Gillanders, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 402-427.

Underwood, A. J. & R. J. Murphy (2008). Unexpected patterns in facilitatory grazing of intertidal microalgae revealed by novel quantitative imaging. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 358, pp. 85-94

Underwood, A.J. (In press). General ecology: community. In: Encyclopedia of Ecology, edited by B. Ronan, Elsevier, Oxford, U.K.

Widmer, W.M., A.J. Underwood & M.G. Chapman (2002). Public perception of potential environmental impacts of recreational boating on Sydney Harbour. Natural Resource Management, Vol. 5, pp. 22-27.